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The upper range of a dose rate is used primarily for:

  1. Structures with loose construction

  2. Buildings under construction

  3. Residential homes

  4. Structures with high humidity

The correct answer is: Structures with loose construction

The upper range of a dose rate is used primarily for structures with loose construction because these types of buildings can have varying levels of air infiltration, which can impact the efficacy of the fumigation process. When a structure is loosely constructed, there may be more opportunities for gas to escape, therefore, applying a higher dosage becomes necessary to ensure that the fumigant adequately reaches all areas and pests within the structure. In the context of fumigation, the goal is to effectively penetrate and control pest populations within the entirety of the space being treated. Structures with loose construction may not retain the fumigant as well as more tightly sealed buildings, making it vital to use an upper dose rate to compensate for potential losses and achieve thorough pest control. Other contexts, such as buildings under construction, residential homes, or structures with high humidity, do not necessarily require the upper dose rates as a standard practice since their construction integrity, structural sealing, and humidity levels might not pose the same challenges regarding gas retention and distribution as loose structures do.